Cognitive functions refer to the mental processes involved in thinking, learning, memory, and perception. These functions include attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making. Cognitive functions are essential for everyday tasks such as reading, writing, and problem-solving. Research in this area aims to understand how these functions operate, how they are affected by various factors such as aging or neurological disorders, and how they can be improved through interventions or therapies. Studies in cognitive functions often utilize techniques such as neuroimaging, behavioral experiments, and cognitive assessments to better understand the underlying mechanisms of cognitive processes.